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Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function.
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function.
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...

The Phragmoplast

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...

Body Planes

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Body planes in anatomy are imaginary flat surfaces used as reference points to divide the body into sections for anatomical study. These planes are essential for understanding the orientation, relationships, and spatial organization of anatomical structures.
The sagittal plane is the plane that divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides. If this vertical plane runs directly down the middle of the body resulting in equal division, it is called the midsagittal or median...

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During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

Published on: August 13, 2016

Mechanisms controlling division-plane positioning.

Maria Almonacid¹, Anne Paoletti

¹Institut Curie, Centre de recherche, CNRS, UMR144, Paris, France.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

|August 17, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cytokinesis, the cell division process, relies on spatial cues to position the division plane correctly. This review examines how signals from the mitotic spindle and nucleus ensure accurate cell separation in various organisms.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Published on: August 13, 2016

Deep and Spatially Controlled Volume Ablations using a Two-Photon Microscope in the Zebrafish Gastrula

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Genetics
Microbiology

Background:

Cytokinesis is a crucial, irreversible step in cell division, ensuring daughter cell separation.
Precise spatial and temporal regulation of cytokinesis is essential for accurate genome segregation and cell division.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the spatial regulatory mechanisms controlling the division plane position during cytokinesis.
To compare these mechanisms across different model systems, including fission yeast, animal cells, and bacteria.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on cytokinesis and spatial regulation.
Focus on studies in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) for detailed molecular insights.
Comparative analysis of regulatory mechanisms in diverse organisms.

Main Results:

Spatial cues like the mitotic spindle, nucleus, nucleoid, and cell tips influence cytokinetic apparatus assembly.
Multiple mechanisms often work in parallel to integrate spatial information.
In fission yeast, the anillin-like protein Mid1 is a key target for spatial regulation of the division plane.

Conclusions:

Spatial regulation is vital for ensuring faithful genome segregation and proper cytoplasmic division.
Mechanisms controlling division plane positioning are conserved across eukaryotes and prokaryotes, with variations in specific components like Mid1.