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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

Toe syndactyly revisited.

D J Marsh1, D Floyd

  • 1Dept of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, UK. mrdjmarsh@yahoo.com

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS
|August 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a modified surgical technique for toe syndactyly repair, achieving high patient satisfaction and minimal complications. The procedure effectively addresses skin shortages and recreates web spaces, improving patient well-being.

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Published on: January 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Congenital Malformations

Background:

  • Toe syndactyly is a common congenital condition affecting approximately 1 in 2000 individuals.
  • It is associated with significant psychological distress and various surgical repair techniques exist.
  • No single method has been definitively proven superior for toe syndactyly correction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a modified surgical technique for toe syndactyly repair.
  • To evaluate the outcomes and patient satisfaction associated with this technique.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Mondolfi technique using interdigitating triangular skin flaps was employed.
  • Split-thickness skin grafts from the instep were used to manage skin deficits.
  • Patient satisfaction was assessed using a 10-point modified Likert scale questionnaire.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen patients (19 toes) underwent surgery with an average follow-up of 16.3 months.
  • Preoperative satisfaction (1.3/10) significantly increased to 9.3/10 postoperatively.
  • Patient concern decreased from 8.67 to 0.67 (p < 0.05), with a 95% satisfaction rate.

Conclusions:

  • The described technique is simple, avoids dorsal scarring, and utilizes glabrous skin grafts for excellent color match and minimal morbidity.
  • Complication rates are comparable or superior to existing methods.
  • Surgical intervention for toe syndactyly leads to highly satisfied patients, addressing an under-treated condition.