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Cellular proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis: molecular targets for nutritional preemption of cancer

Cindy D Davis1, Nancy J Emenaker, John A Milner

  • 1Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892-7328, USA. davisci@mail.nih.gov

Seminars in Oncology
|August 17, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Dietary components can influence cancer pathways, but responses vary based on exposure and cell type. More human studies are needed for definitive nutritional recommendations for cancer prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Cancer Biology
  • Molecular Mechanisms

Background:

  • Malignant cells exhibit aberrant signaling in proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.
  • Bioactive dietary components can modulate these cancer-related pathways, but responses are inconsistent.
  • Factors like exposure levels, duration, and cell type influence dietary component efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex interactions between dietary components and cancer signaling pathways.
  • To understand the challenges in identifying key molecular targets for nutritional intervention in cancer.
  • To evaluate the current limitations in establishing evidence-based dietary recommendations for cancer prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro studies examining gene-nutrient and nutrient-nutrient interactions.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying dietary modification of cancer cell phenotypes.
  • Assessment of the scarcity of controlled human intervention trials.

Main Results:

  • In vitro data offers insights into plausible mechanisms but requires cautious extrapolation to in vivo conditions.
  • Gene-nutrient and nutrient-nutrient interactions contribute to response variability.
  • Identifying specific dietary-mediated phenotypic changes and their causative pathways remains challenging.

Conclusions:

  • The precise molecular targets and processes most critical for dietary intervention in cancer are not fully elucidated.
  • The lack of robust human intervention studies hinders definitive dietary recommendations for cancer prevention.
  • A balanced and varied diet is currently the most advisable approach pending further research.

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