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Related Concept Videos

G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of cells.
Two...
Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or...
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Modified Yeast-Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Interacting with the Growth Factor Progranulin
07:56

Modified Yeast-Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Interacting with the Growth Factor Progranulin

Published on: January 17, 2012

Mammalian PGRPs also mind the fort.

Stephen Rubino1, Jooeun Lee, Stephen E Girardin

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, M6G 2T6, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. stephen.girardin@utoronto.ca

Cell Host & Microbe
|August 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins (PGRPs) prevent harmful inflammation by regulating gut bacteria. This study reveals their crucial role in maintaining intestinal health.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Host-Microbe Interactions

Background:

  • Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins (PGRPs) are key in Drosophila antibacterial immunity.
  • The precise functions of PGRPs in human immune responses are not well understood.

Discussion:

  • Mammalian PGRPs play a vital role in preventing excessive inflammation.
  • These proteins modulate the gut microbiota composition.
  • Aberrant interferon-gamma signaling can lead to inflammatory damage.

Key Insights:

  • PGRPs limit inflammatory damage induced by interferon-gamma.
  • Gut bacterial flora composition is modulated by mammalian PGRPs.
  • This modulation is critical for maintaining intestinal homeostasis.

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Ex Vivo Imaging of Postnatal Cerebellar Granule Cell Migration Using Confocal Macroscopy
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Ex Vivo Imaging of Postnatal Cerebellar Granule Cell Migration Using Confocal Macroscopy

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Derivation of Glial Restricted Precursors from E13 mice
08:56

Derivation of Glial Restricted Precursors from E13 mice

Published on: June 20, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Modified Yeast-Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Interacting with the Growth Factor Progranulin
07:56

Modified Yeast-Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Interacting with the Growth Factor Progranulin

Published on: January 17, 2012

Ex Vivo Imaging of Postnatal Cerebellar Granule Cell Migration Using Confocal Macroscopy
09:10

Ex Vivo Imaging of Postnatal Cerebellar Granule Cell Migration Using Confocal Macroscopy

Published on: May 12, 2015

Derivation of Glial Restricted Precursors from E13 mice
08:56

Derivation of Glial Restricted Precursors from E13 mice

Published on: June 20, 2012

Outlook:

  • Further research into PGRP functions could reveal new therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases.
  • Understanding PGRP-microbiota interactions may offer insights into maintaining gut health.
  • Investigating PGRP roles in other human tissues is warranted.