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Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Non-destructive SPE-UPLC-based Quantification of Aflatoxins and Stilbenoid Phytoalexins in Single Peanut (Arachis spp.) Seeds

Non-destructive SPE-UPLC-based Quantification of Aflatoxins and Stilbenoid Phytoalexins in Single Peanut (Arachis spp.) Seeds

Published on: April 19, 2024

Evaluation of XPC and prototypes on aflatoxin-challenged broilers.

G D Osweiler¹, S Jagannatha, D W Trampel

¹Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. osweiler@iastate.edu

Poultry Science

|August 17, 2010

Summary

Certain Saccharomyces cerevisiae products, like Prototype B and XPC2, protected broiler chicks from aflatoxin-induced liver damage and maintained body weight gain, suggesting benefits beyond simple adsorption.

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Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays

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Published on: April 23, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Non-destructive SPE-UPLC-based Quantification of Aflatoxins and Stilbenoid Phytoalexins in Single Peanut (Arachis spp.) Seeds

Non-destructive SPE-UPLC-based Quantification of Aflatoxins and Stilbenoid Phytoalexins in Single Peanut (Arachis spp.) Seeds

Published on: April 19, 2024

Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays

Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays

Published on: April 23, 2012

Area of Science:

Animal Science
Poultry Nutrition
Mycotoxicology

Background:

Aflatoxins in poultry feed pose significant risks to bird health and performance.
Various feed additives are explored to mitigate the negative effects of mycotoxins.
Understanding the mechanisms of action for these additives is crucial for effective application.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of different commercial products and prototypes in mitigating aflatoxin toxicity in broiler chickens.
To assess the impact of these additives on growth performance, feed intake, and liver histopathology.
To investigate potential mechanisms of action, particularly for Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based products.

Main Methods:

Male broiler chicks were assigned to eight dietary treatment groups, including controls and various additive levels.
Birds were challenged with a consistent level of aflatoxin (2,280 ng/g) for 28 days.
Growth parameters (body weight, feed intake), feed efficiency, liver weight, and liver histopathology were assessed.

Main Results:

Broiler chickens fed Prototype B (0.15%) and XPC2 (0.125%) showed no significant reduction in body weight gain compared to the negative control.
These groups also exhibited significantly reduced liver vacuolar lesions, similar to the negative control, indicating protection against aflatoxin damage.
Other treatments, including a standard ameliorator and Prototype A, showed varying degrees of protection but were less effective than Prototype B and XPC2.

Conclusions:

Specific Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (Prototype B, XPC2) effectively protected broiler chickens against aflatoxin-induced growth depression and liver lesions.
The protective effects of XPC (a non-adsorbent product) suggest mechanisms beyond mycotoxin adsorption, possibly involving immune modulation or gut health improvement.
These findings highlight the potential of targeted supplementation with specific yeast products to enhance poultry resilience to mycotoxin challenges.