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Ocular hypersensitivity to thimerosal in rabbits.

M G Baines1, F Cai, H A Backman

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|July 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Rabbits exposed to thimerosal-preserved contact lenses developed ocular hypersensitivity. This immune response, involving serum and tear antibodies, mimics reactions to preservatives in contact lens solutions.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Thimerosal is a mercury-containing preservative used in some contact lens solutions.
  • Ocular hypersensitivity reactions can occur with contact lens wear, potentially due to antigens or preservatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ocular hypersensitivity response to thimerosal conjugates in a rabbit model.
  • To correlate ocular inflammation with specific antibody titers.

Main Methods:

  • Rabbits were immunized with thimerosal conjugates and challenged with antigen-sensitized contact lenses.
  • Ocular inflammation was assessed using a five-point scale, and serum/tear antibody levels (IgG, IgA) were measured.
  • Histologic analysis examined inflammatory cell infiltrates.

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Main Results:

  • Thimerosal-immunized rabbits showed significant ocular hypersensitivity, including corneal edema, erosion, and conjunctival inflammation.
  • Ocular hypersensitivity index correlated with serum antibody titers to thimerosal.
  • Both serum and tear immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody titers increased during the challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Rabbits demonstrate heightened sensitivity to thimerosal conjugates on contact lenses.
  • Serum and tear antibody levels correlate with the severity of the induced ocular inflammatory response.
  • This model simulates antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to contact lens preservatives.