Enhancing the eyes: use of minimally invasive techniques for periorbital rejuvenation

Facial beauty, specifically of the periorbital complex, is an important component of physical attractiveness and non-verbal communication, and is reflective of chronological age. In fact, eye contact is often the first, and some say the most important, form of interaction between individuals. These properties have made rejuvenation of the periorbital complex highly desirable. In the past, rejuvenating the eye meant the need for invasive surgical treatments. Although these may be necessary in advanced cases, minimally or noninvasive procedures have increasingly become first line treatment options since the advent of topical therapies and minimally invasive procedures, which include botulinum toxin, dermal filler injections, laser and chemical peels, laser skin resurfacing, microdermabrasion and intense pulsed light photorejuvenation. Here, the authors review the anatomy of the periorbital complex, the characteristics of an attractive eye, and a variety of techniques that may be used alone or in combination to achieve "the beautiful eye.