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Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration

Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration

Introduction to Inspiration: The Respiratory System in Action
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...

Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration

Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration

The Physiology of Expiration: A Seamless Respiratory Process
Expiration, or exhaling, is a complex physiological process that begins as the inspiratory muscles begin to relax. This relaxation triggers a series of events that epitomize the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Mechanism of Expiration:

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways

Published on: May 9, 2016

The self-inflating resuscitator--evolution of an idea.

¹Department of Anaesthesia, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care

|August 19, 2010

Summary

The Ambu Bag, a revolutionary self-inflating device, transformed resuscitation efforts for drowning victims. This simple yet effective tool has empowered rescuers globally to sustain life in diverse environments.

Area of Science:

Medical Devices
Resuscitation Technology
Emergency Medicine

Background:

Historical resuscitation methods for drowning victims, including sixteenth-century bellows, were explored.
Early twentieth-century adaptations of bellows failed to achieve widespread adoption.

Observation:

The introduction of the "Ambu Bag" in 1957 marked a significant advancement in resuscitation.
This self-inflating bag was developed by Danish anaesthetist Dr Henning Ruben.

Findings:

The Ambu Bag's simple yet effective design led to immediate success and widespread use.
Similar devices were developed collaboratively by Norwegian and American medical professionals.

Implications:

The self-inflating bag has become an essential tool for rescuers worldwide.

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A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

Published on: May 4, 2021

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways

Published on: May 9, 2016

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

Published on: May 4, 2021

It enables life support in virtually any environment through manual operation.

This innovation democratized resuscitation, making it accessible to a global audience.