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LEEways: tales of EPEC, ATEC and EHEC.

M Alexander Schmidt1

  • 1Institut für Infektiologie - Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung (ZMBE), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany. infekt@uni-muenster.de

Cellular Microbiology
|August 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Pathogenic Escherichia coli cause significant global illness. This review details recent advances in understanding attaching-and-effacing E. coli, focusing on virulence factors and their implications for diagnostics and therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli are a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality.
  • Seven recognized pathovars cause diverse intestinal disorders, sometimes leading to severe complications.
  • Pathogenicity relies on virulence factors that subvert host cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in the understanding of attaching-and-effacing (A/E) Escherichia coli.
  • To highlight novel functions of A/E E. coli effector proteins.
  • To discuss implications for diagnostics and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on A/E E. coli.
  • Analysis of virulence factor profiles and mobile genetic elements.

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  • Examination of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) and flanking regions.

    • Main Results:

    • A/E E. coli utilize the 'locus of enterocyte effacement' (LEE) pathogenicity island for virulence.
    • Novel functions of effector proteins have been identified.
    • Additional genetic elements, such as the LifA/Efa1 region, have been found in LEE flanking areas.

    Conclusions:

    • Recent advances deepen our understanding of A/E E. coli pathogenesis.
    • The identification of novel effector functions and genetic elements offers new insights.
    • Potential interconversion of A/E E. coli during infection has implications for diagnostics and therapy.