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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications

Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications

Published on: November 19, 2013

Time-saving multiplex detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms by ultrasensitive DNA microarray.

Makiko Ichikawa¹, Keishi Miwa, Tomo Yamasaki

¹Toray Industries, Inc., New Frontiers Research Laboratories, 6-10-1, Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-0036, Japan. makiko_ichikawa@nts.toray.co.jp

Journal of Biochemistry

|August 19, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel DNA microarray system enables rapid, multiplex detection of six pharmacokinetically relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in liver transplant patients. This ultrasensitive assay provides accurate genotyping results within 5 hours, showing promise for diagnostic applications.

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Published on: November 19, 2013

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Pharmacogenomics

Background:

Accurate genotyping of pharmacokinetically relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is crucial for personalized medicine, particularly in liver transplant patients.
Existing genotyping methods can be time-consuming and may lack the sensitivity required for early diagnostic utility.
The need for rapid, multiplex, and highly sensitive SNP detection systems is paramount for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a rapid, multiplex DNA microarray-based detection system for six key pharmacokinetically relevant SNPs.
To assess the sensitivity, speed, and accuracy of the developed system using blood samples from liver transplant patients.
To evaluate the potential diagnostic utility of the ultrasensitive microarray system.

Main Methods:

Development of an ultrasensitive DNA microarray for simultaneous detection of six specific SNPs (MDR1, CYP3A5, CYP2C19).
Integration of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single-base extension with fluorescently labeled nucleotides, and DNA microarray detection.
Statistical genotype calling using Mahalanobis distance derived from fluorescent signals; validation against sequencing-based genotyping.

Main Results:

The developed system successfully detected six pharmacokinetically relevant SNPs in a multiplex format.
The entire workflow, from sample to genotype call, was completed within 5 hours.
The system demonstrated high sensitivity, requiring only 50 copies of genomic DNA, with complete concordance to sequencing-based genotyping.

Conclusions:

An ultrasensitive DNA microarray system provides a rapid and multiplex method for genotyping critical SNPs.
The system's high sensitivity, speed, and accuracy make it a promising tool for diagnostic applications in pharmacogenomics.
This technology offers a significant advancement for personalized patient management, especially in liver transplantation.