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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
Published on: April 28, 2022
On measurement of avoidable and unavoidable cost of alcohol: an application of method for estimating costs due to
Johan Jarl1, Ulf-G Gerdtham, Anne Ludbrook
1Health Economics & Management, Institute of Economic Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Johan.Jarl@med.lu.se
Abstract:
This study estimates the avoidable and unavoidable costs of alcohol-related, liver cirrhosis inpatient care, controlling for the lag structure and period of decline in disease risk. Lag structures with different lengths are applied to the exposure to risk from alcohol consumption, which allows for differentiation between avoidable and unavoidable cases due to prior consumption. A lag length of 20 (men) and 23 (women) years (expected remaining life years) gives a total cost of 592 million SEK. Given alcohol consumption is reduced to zero, 72% of cost could potentially be avoided. It is important to account for the length and structure of the risk decline following a consumption change as this substantially affects the estimates.
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