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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Iridium(III) Luminescent Probe for Detection of the Malarial Protein Biomarker Histidine Rich Protein-II
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Published on: July 7, 2015

An iridium(III)-caged complex with low oxygen quenching.

Albert Ruggi1, Miguel Berenguel Alonso, David N Reinhoudt

  • 1Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|August 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized a novel iridium(III) complex featuring a unique caged ligand. This new complex exhibits significantly reduced oxygen quenching, a key factor in luminescence applications.

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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
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Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods
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Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods

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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
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Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods
05:41

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods

Published on: February 11, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Photophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Iridium(III) complexes are widely used in photoluminescent applications.
  • Oxygen quenching significantly limits the efficiency and lifetime of many phosphorescent materials.
  • Developing strategies to mitigate oxygen sensitivity is crucial for advancing optoelectronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and structurally characterize the first iridium(III) complex incorporating a caged ligand.
  • To investigate the impact of the caged ligand structure on the photophysical properties, specifically oxygen quenching, of the iridium(III) complex.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a novel iridium(III) complex with a custom-designed caged ligand.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for detailed structural elucidation.
  • Photoluminescence spectroscopy to assess emission properties and oxygen sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and full structural characterization of the first iridium(III) complex with a caged ligand.
  • The novel complex demonstrated an 80% reduction in oxygen quenching compared to the archetypal tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3].
  • The caged structure effectively shields the emissive center from molecular oxygen.

Conclusions:

  • The development of iridium(III) complexes with caged ligands is a promising strategy to enhance photoluminescence stability.
  • This work provides a new avenue for designing robust phosphorescent materials with improved resistance to oxygen degradation.
  • The findings have implications for the development of more efficient and durable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and other luminescent devices.