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Silver nanoparticle applications and human health.

Maqusood Ahamed1, Mohamad S Alsalhi, M K J Siddiqui

  • 1King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia. maqusood@gmail.com

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|August 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) are increasingly used in consumer products, raising concerns about human health risks. Studies show Ag NP toxicity to mammalian cells and organs, even at low doses, impacting development and cellular functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nanotechnology advancements have led to widespread use of nanoparticles, such as silver nanoparticles (Ag NP), in various commercial products.
  • The extensive application of Ag NP in consumer goods, including electronics, cosmetics, and medical devices, results in increased human exposure.
  • Growing concerns exist regarding the potential short- and long-term toxicity and health risks associated with this increased human exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically assess current research on the adverse health effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NP).
  • To summarize in vitro and in vivo findings on Ag NP toxicity across various mammalian cell types and organs.
  • To review the mechanisms underlying Ag NP-induced toxicity.

Main Methods:

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  • Review and critical assessment of existing in vitro studies on Ag NP toxicity in mammalian cell lines.
  • Analysis of in vivo bio-distribution and toxicity data from rodent models following different exposure routes.
  • Examination of studies using non-mammalian model organisms to understand developmental toxicity.

Main Results:

  • In vitro studies demonstrate Ag NP toxicity to mammalian cells from skin, liver, lung, brain, vascular, and reproductive systems.
  • Ag NP can induce DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell cycle alterations in human cells, even at non-cytotoxic concentrations.
  • In vivo studies confirm Ag NP distribution to blood and toxicity in organs like the brain, with developmental and structural malformations observed in model organisms.

Conclusions:

  • Silver nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to human health due to their widespread use and cellular/organ toxicity.
  • Mechanisms of Ag NP toxicity involve detrimental effects on cell membranes, mitochondria, and genetic material.
  • Further research and risk assessment are crucial to manage the health implications of increasing Ag NP exposure.