Forensic molecular pathology of violent deaths

Area of Science:

• Forensic pathology
• Molecular biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Classical morphology is a core forensic pathology procedure.
• Ancillary procedures like postmortem biochemistry detail systemic pathophysiological changes.
• Molecular autopsy investigates genetic bases of sudden death.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the application of RNA analyses in postmortem investigations.
• To introduce the concept of 'advanced molecular autopsy' using mRNA transcript quantification.
• To establish forensic molecular pathology as a tool for investigating the molecular basis of death.

Main Methods:

• Review of experimental and practical studies on RNA analyses in postmortem investigations.
• Application of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for mRNA transcript quantification.
• Analysis of local pathology, systemic responses, intoxication, and organ-specific pathophysiology at a molecular level.

Main Results:

• Recent studies suggest mRNA transcript quantification is feasible for postmortem investigations, termed 'advanced molecular autopsy'.
• Forensic molecular pathology can analyze tissue injury, hypoxia, inflammation, intoxication, and systemic responses.
• Systematic postmortem quantitative analysis of mRNA transcripts can support and reinforce morphological evidence.

Conclusions:

• Forensic molecular pathology offers a molecular-level investigation into the causes of death.
• Advanced molecular autopsy, through mRNA analysis, enhances the scope of death investigations.
• Integrating molecular techniques with traditional methods provides a more comprehensive forensic analysis.