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Related Concept Videos

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution

This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects
08:48

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects

Published on: April 21, 2022

1H NMR spectroscopic studies on human seminal plasma: a probative discriminant function analysis classification

Ashish Gupta1, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Mohammad Kaleem Ahmad

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, India.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
|August 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy identifies key metabolites in semen to detect infertility. This rapid, non-invasive method shows high accuracy, offering a promising alternative to traditional tests for male fertility assessment.

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Fluorimetric Techniques for the Assessment of Sperm Membranes
08:58

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Published on: November 28, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Metabolomics
  • Andrology

Background:

  • Traditional infertility diagnostics are limited, lacking pathological insight and being labor-intensive.
  • Need for advanced, accurate, and efficient methods for male infertility assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To utilize (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for identifying seminal fluid biomarkers.
  • To classify infertility using NMR-quantified metabolites and compare with standard clinical methods.

Main Methods:

  • Collected semen samples from fertile men (n=60) and infertile patients (n=125).
  • Measured 11 metabolites using (1)H NMR spectroscopy.
  • Analyzed data using linear multivariate discriminant function analysis (DFA).

Main Results:

  • NMR identified alanine, citrate, glycerophosphocholine (GPC), tyrosine, and phenylalanine as key infertility biomarkers.
  • DFA achieved high classification accuracy: 92.4% for NMR and 94.1% for clinical methods in distinguishing fertile from infertile.
  • Accurate classification of normozoospermic to oligozoospermic samples was achieved (92.9% by NMR).

Conclusions:

  • (1)H NMR-based metabolic screening is a promising, rapid, and non-invasive approach for infertility assessment.
  • NMR shows comparable sensitivity and specificity to traditional, time-consuming laboratory methods.
  • Metabolomic profiling offers a novel strategy for understanding and diagnosing male infertility.