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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds01:14

NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds can be identified or analyzed using proton NMR and carbon‐13 NMR. Typically, aromatic hydrogens or hydrogens directly bonded to the aromatic rings are strongly deshielded by the aromatic ring current. Therefore, they absorb in the range of 6.5–8.0 ppm in proton NMR spectra. For instance, aromatic hydrogens directly bonded to the benzene ring absorb at 7.3 ppm. However, aromatic hydrogens of larger rings absorb farther upfield or downfield than the ideal range. Consider...
Amperometry: Overview01:10

Amperometry: Overview

Amperometry is a technique commonly used to measure the concentration of specific analytes in a solution by monitoring the electric current generated during an electrochemical reaction. It involves applying a constant potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode to measure the resulting current, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The Clark oxygen electrode operates based on this principle of amperometry. It consists of a cathode and an anode enclosed...
Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:25

Aromatic Compounds: Overview

In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
In 1825, Faraday isolated benzene...
Peroxisomes01:30

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within peroxisomes...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems
10:38

Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems

Published on: March 3, 2010

Peroxygenase based sensor for aromatic compounds.

Lei Peng1, Ulla Wollenberger, Matthias Kinne

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Golm, Germany.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|August 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the electrochemical behavior of immobilized peroxygenase (AaeAPO) using gold nanoparticles and chitosan. The developed biosensor efficiently detects naphthalene, showcasing its potential for environmental monitoring.

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Imaging of mtHyPer7, a Ratiometric Biosensor for Mitochondrial Peroxide, in Living Yeast Cells
09:47

Imaging of mtHyPer7, a Ratiometric Biosensor for Mitochondrial Peroxide, in Living Yeast Cells

Published on: June 2, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Peroxygenases, like Agrocybe aegerita peroxygenase (AaeAPO), are enzymes with heme-thiolate active sites crucial for oxidation reactions.
  • Enzyme immobilization on nanomaterials enhances electrochemical properties and stability.
  • Gold nanoparticles and chitosan offer a robust matrix for biosensor development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the redox behavior of electrostatically immobilized AaeAPO on a gold nanoparticle-chitosan matrix.
  • To develop a sensitive amperometric biosensor for detecting aromatic compounds like naphthalene and nitrophenol.
  • To characterize the electron transfer kinetics and sensing performance of the AaeAPO-based biosensor.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical immobilization of AaeAPO onto a glassy carbon electrode modified with chitosan-embedded gold nanoparticles.
  • Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry to study redox behavior and electron transfer kinetics.
  • Peroxide-dependent hydroxylation assays for sensor development and performance evaluation.

Main Results:

  • The formal potential (E°') of AaeAPO was determined to be -(286±9) mV at pH 7.0.
  • Heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants (k(s)) reached up to 63.7 s⁻¹.
  • A sensor for naphthalene demonstrated a linear range from 4 to 40 μM with a detection limit of 4.0 μM and 5.7% repeatability.

Conclusions:

  • The gold nanoparticle-chitosan matrix facilitates efficient electron transfer for immobilized AaeAPO.
  • The developed biosensor exhibits high sensitivity and repeatability for naphthalene detection.
  • This approach holds promise for electrochemical sensing of aromatic pollutants.