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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva

A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva

Published on: July 5, 2017

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis.

Stefano Guglielmetti¹, John Kg Dart, Virginia Calder

¹Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London UK.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|August 20, 2010

Summary

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) management involves understanding its link to atopic dermatitis and utilizing immunomodulatory therapies. Effective treatments include topical agents and systemic immunosuppression for severe cases, with ongoing research for better options.

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Published on: September 26, 2019

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Immunology
Dermatology

Background:

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a chronic ocular inflammatory condition.
It is closely related to atopic dermatitis, sharing common immunopathogenic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the diagnostic features of AKC.
To explore its relationship with atopic dermatitis.
To discuss immunopathogenesis, therapy, and management strategies for severe AKC.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on recent research in AKC.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches.
Evaluation of immunopathogenic mechanisms and novel treatments.

Main Results:

Key cytokines (IL-33), proteins (thymic stromal lymphopoetin), and effector cells (conjunctival epithelial cells, eosinophils, basophils) are crucial in chronic ocular inflammation.
Topical or systemic tacrolimus and cyclosporin A are effective, well-tolerated steroid-sparing agents.

Conclusions:

Recalcitrant AKC can lead to blindness; understanding its immunopathogenesis is vital for developing future treatments.
Successful AKC management requires topical cromones, antihistamines, and calcineurin inhibitors.
Systemic immunosuppressive therapy is necessary for severe cases, with a need for more specific immunomodulatory therapies with improved side-effect profiles.