Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo
Published on: March 19, 2016
Method for measuring the mode-index ratio of two regions in a planar waveguide
Abstract:
A method for measuring the mode-index ratio n of two regions of a planar waveguide with an accuracy of better than 2 in 10(5) is presented. Simple and reliable techniques were utilized to produce two contiguous waveguides, with different refractive indices, on a common substrate. The two waveguiding regions were fabricated both in LiNbO(3) and in BK-7 glass by using titanium indiffusion followed by a proton-exchange (TIPE) process and a two-step Ag(+)/Na(+) ion-exchange technique, respectively. The measured mode-index ratios obtained by our method agreed well with values obtained with the conventional prism-coupling technique.
Related Concept Videos
Modes of Standing Waves: II
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.
Standing Waves in a Cavity
What is a Mode?
There can be more than one mode in a data set if multiple values have the same highest frequency. For instance, suppose that the Statistics exam scores of 20 students are: 50; 53; 59; 59; 63; 63; 72; 72; 72; 72; 72; 76; 78; 81; 83; 84; 84; 84; 90; 93. Here, the mode is 72, as it occurs most frequently, five times.
A data set with two modes is called bimodal. For example,...
Polar Coordinates: Problem Solving

