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Flame Photometry: Overview

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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...

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Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes

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Raman scattering measurements in flames using a tunable KrF excimer laser.

J A Wehrmeyer, T S Cheng, R W Pitz

|August 20, 2010

Summary

This study demonstrates single-pulse Raman scattering measurements for key species concentration and temperature in hydrogen-air flames. The technique minimizes fluorescence interference, achieving 5% precision for instantaneous, spatially resolved data.

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Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

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Published on: August 1, 2017

Area of Science:

Combustion diagnostics
Laser spectroscopy
Physical chemistry

Background:

Accurate measurements of species concentration and temperature are crucial for understanding combustion processes.
Traditional methods often face limitations in temporal and spatial resolution or are affected by fluorescence interference.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate single-pulse, spatially resolved concentration and temperature measurements in H(2)-air flames using spontaneous vibrational Raman scattering.
To minimize fluorescence interference from major species (O(2), N(2), H(2)O, H(2)) across all flame stoichiometries.

Main Methods:

Utilized a narrow-band tunable KrF excimer laser (248.623 nm) as the Raman scattering source.
Determined optimal laser tuning from fluorescence excitation spectra to minimize OH and O(2) interference.
Employed single-pulse N(2) Stokes/anti-Stokes ratio for temperature measurements and a time-averaged technique matching theoretical spectra.

Main Results:

Achieved photon-statistics-limited precisions of typically 5% for instantaneous measurements.
Demonstrated successful measurements for O(2), N(2), H(2)O, and H(2) across fuel-lean to fuel-rich conditions.
Obtained promising Raman flame spectra in CH(4)-air flames with good signal-to-noise ratios.

Conclusions:

Single-pulse Raman scattering with a tunable KrF laser enables accurate, instantaneous measurements in H(2)-air flames with minimal fluorescence interference.
The developed techniques show significant promise for UV Raman measurements in hydrocarbon flames.