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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
Published on: November 30, 2012
Numerical methods for modeling photonic-crystal VCSELs
Maciej Dems1, Il-Sug Chung, Peter Nyakas
1Institute of Physics, Technical University of Lodz, ul. Wólczańska 219, 90-924 Łódź, Poland. maciej.dems@p.lodz.pl
Abstract:
We show comparison of four different numerical methods for simulating Photonic-Crystal (PC) VCSELs. We present the theoretical basis behind each method and analyze the differences by studying a benchmark VCSEL structure, where the PC structure penetrates all VCSEL layers, the entire top-mirror DBR, a fraction of the top-mirror DBR or just the VCSEL cavity. The different models are evaluated by comparing the predicted resonance wavelengths and threshold gains for different hole diameters and pitches of the PC. The agreement between the models is relatively good, except for one model, which corresponds to the effective index method. The simulation results elucidate the strength and weaknesses of the analyzed methods; and outline the limits of applicability of the different models.
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