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The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

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Generation of continuously tunable fractional optical orbital angular momentum using internal conical diffraction.

D P O'Dwyer¹, C F Phelan, Y P Rakovich

¹School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.

|August 20, 2010

Summary

This study explores internal conical diffraction in biaxial crystals, demonstrating an all-optical method to generate light beams with fractional orbital angular momentum (OAM) using elliptically polarized light.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

Gaussian light beams with spin angular momentum (SAM) exhibit unique diffraction patterns in biaxial crystals.
Internal conical diffraction of circularly polarized light results in a superposition of Bessel-like beams with distinct SAM and orbital angular momentum (OAM) properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the internal conical diffraction of elliptically polarized light in biaxial crystals.
To demonstrate an all-optical method for generating light beams with tunable fractional orbital angular momentum (OAM).

Main Methods:

Incident elliptically polarized Gaussian light beams along the optic axis of a biaxial crystal.
Analysis of the resulting hollow cone of light and its constituent Bessel-like beams.
Characterization of spin and orbital angular momentum properties of the generated beams.

Main Results:

Elliptically polarized light undergoes internal conical diffraction, producing a hollow cone beam.
The emergent beam is a superposition of zero and first-order Bessel-like beams with different polarizations and OAM.
An all-optical process is demonstrated to generate light beams with fractional OAM up to +/- 1h.

Conclusions:

Internal conical diffraction in biaxial crystals offers a versatile platform for manipulating light's angular momentum.
The study presents a novel all-optical method for generating fractional OAM beams, with potential applications in optical manipulation and communication.