Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy
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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Stretching Short Sequences of DNA with Constant Force Axial Optical Tweezers
Published on: October 13, 2011
Ali Mahmoudi1, S Nader S Reihani
1Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Gava Zang, P.O.Box: 45195-1159, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
This study introduces Phase Contrast Optical Tweezers (PCOT) for precise manipulation of transparent micro-objects. New phase plates enable aberration-free manipulation and visualization deep within samples.
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