Anatomic evaluation of the xiphoid process with 64-row multidetector computed tomography

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Radiology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• The xiphoid process, the inferior part of the sternum, exhibits considerable anatomical variability.
• Understanding these variations is crucial for accurate medical interpretations and procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively evaluate the interindividual anatomical variations of the xiphoid process in a large adult population.
• To assess the utility of 64-row multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in visualizing these variations.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective analysis of 500 adult patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography.
• Utilized multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP), and three-dimensional volume rendering (VR) for detailed anatomical assessment.
• Evaluated features such as ventral/dorsal deviation, curvature, xiphoidal endings, ossification, foramina, and sternoxiphoidal fusion.

Main Results:

• The xiphoid process was present in all subjects, with ventral deviation observed in 65.4%.
• Variations in xiphoidal endings (single, double, triple) and ossification status were common.
• Sternoxiphoidal fusion was noted in 42.8% of patients.

Conclusions:

• Significant interindividual variations in the xiphoid process anatomy were confirmed.
• MDCT provides excellent capacity for detecting and characterizing these anatomical variations.
• These findings contribute to a better understanding of thoracic anatomy and potential clinical implications.