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Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
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Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
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Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
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Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...

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An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
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An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

Published on: November 2, 2016

Antimicrobial peptides for leishmaniasis.

Steven L Cobb1, Paul W Denny

  • 1Durham University, Biophysical Sciences Institute, Centre for Bioactive Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK. s.l.cobb@durham.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs (London, England : 2000)
|August 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New antimicrobial peptides show promise for treating leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease. This research explores peptide-based agents as an urgent alternative to ineffective and toxic drugs against drug-resistant parasites.

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A Parasite Rescue and Transformation Assay for Antileishmanial Screening Against Intracellular Leishmania donovani Amastigotes in THP1 Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line

Published on: December 30, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting over 350 million people globally.
  • Current treatments are toxic, outdated (1940s), and facing increasing parasite resistance.
  • No effective vaccines are available, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on developing antimicrobial peptide-based agents against Leishmania parasites.
  • To address the urgent need for new treatments effective against drug-resistant leishmaniasis strains.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for leishmaniasis.
  • Analysis of research focusing on AMPs' activity against Leishmania parasites.
  • Evaluation of AMPs as potential antileishmanial drug candidates.

Main Results:

  • Antimicrobial peptides demonstrate potential as novel antileishmanial agents.
  • Research indicates AMPs could be effective against drug-resistant Leishmania strains.
  • This approach offers a promising alternative to current treatment limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Antimicrobial peptides represent a viable new class of compounds for leishmaniasis treatment.
  • Further research and development are crucial to translate AMP potential into clinical applications.
  • Developing peptide-based therapies is essential to combat rising drug resistance in leishmaniasis.