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Personality, problem drinking, and drunk driving: mediating, moderating, and direct-effect models.

A W Stacy1, M D Newcomb, P M Bentler

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1563.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|May 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Personality influences alcohol problems through direct, mediating, and moderating effects. Specific personality traits like sensation seeking and cognitive motivation showed significant impacts on drinking issues.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Addiction Science
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Understanding the complex relationship between personality traits and alcohol-related problems is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies.
  • Traditional models often focus on direct effects, but mediating and moderating processes may offer a more nuanced explanation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate three distinct theoretical frameworks explaining how personality influences alcohol problems: direct effects, mediating effects, and moderating effects.
  • To identify specific personality constructs and processes that are particularly relevant to understanding problematic alcohol consumption.

Main Methods:

  • The study examined three general explanations for personality's role in alcohol problems.
  • Statistical analyses were employed to assess direct, mediating, and moderating effects of personality on drinking problems.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Six specific personality constructs were investigated in relation to alcohol consumption patterns.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence supported all three general explanations (direct, mediating, moderating effects) of personality's influence on alcohol problems.
    • Significant effects were primarily observed for two personality constructs: sensation seeking and cognitive motivation.
    • The findings highlight the importance of considering interactional and indirect pathways in the personality-problem drinking relationship.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully delimited key personality processes associated with alcohol problems.
    • It demonstrated the viability of multiple specific mechanisms, moving beyond simplistic assumptions about personality and problem drinking.
    • These findings offer a more comprehensive understanding of the interplay between personality and alcohol use disorders.