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High temperature CO2 capture using calcium oxide sorbent in a fixed-bed reactor.

Binlin Dou1, Yongchen Song, Yingguang Liu

  • 1School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology 116023, Dalian, China. bldou@dlut.edu.cn

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|August 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Calcium oxide sorbent effectively captures carbon dioxide (CO2) in a fixed-bed reactor, especially with steam. Regeneration is feasible at high temperatures, with reaction rates influenced by chemical reactions and product diffusion.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • High-temperature carbon dioxide (CO2) capture using solid sorbents is crucial for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Understanding the dynamics of gas-solid reactions and breakthrough curves in fixed-bed reactors is essential for process optimization.
  • Calcium oxide (CaO) is a promising sorbent, but its performance is affected by various operating parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of operating parameters on the CO2 capture performance of calcium oxide sorbent in a high-temperature fixed-bed reactor.
  • To analyze the reaction kinetics and regeneration characteristics of the sorbent.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of CaO-based sorbents, including mixtures with MgO, for CO2 capture.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of CO2 capture using a fixed-bed reactor with calcium oxide sorbent at high temperatures.
  • Analysis of breakthrough curves under varying conditions, including steam presence and sorbent composition (CaO-MgO mixtures).
  • Sorbent regeneration studies at elevated temperatures and kinetic analysis using the shrinking core model.

Main Results:

  • Calcium oxide sorbent demonstrated effective CO2 removal to near-zero levels when 10 vol% steam was present.
  • A mixture of 40 wt% CaO with MgO showed significantly reduced CO2 capture capacity at 550°C.
  • Sorbent regeneration was achieved efficiently at 900°C using pure nitrogen (N2) flow.
  • Kinetic analysis indicated that both fresh and regenerated sorbent reactions with CO2 were controlled by surface chemical reaction and product layer diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • High-temperature CO2 capture using CaO in a fixed-bed reactor is feasible and influenced by steam and sorbent composition.
  • The regeneration process is effective, and the reaction kinetics are governed by a combination of chemical reaction and diffusion.
  • MgO addition to CaO can negatively impact CO2 capture capacity at specific conditions, highlighting the importance of sorbent formulation.