Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Microbiome of the Eye

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A Detailed Molecular Model of the Tear Film Lipid Layer.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026

Same author

Meibum Lipid Saturation Related to Dry Eye, Age, and Sex Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026

Same author

Effect of increasing chain length on inhibition of evaporation by perfluoro compounds in an in vitro gravimetric assay.

Experimental eye research·2025

Same author

In Memoriam: Michael Albert Lemp.

Cornea·2025

Same author

In Vitro and In Vivo Visualization of Perfluorohexyloctane, an Eye Drop for Dry Eye Disease, Using Infrared Emissivity.

Cornea·2025

Same author

Changes in Human Meibum Lipid Composition Related to the Presence and Severity of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.

Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

Meibomian gland dysfunction: the past, present, and future.

Gary N Foulks¹, Douglas Borchman

¹Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. gnfoul01@louisville.edu

Eye & Contact Lens

|August 21, 2010

Summary

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) causes evaporative dry eye. New spectroscopic and chemical analyses improve understanding and evaluation of MGD therapies.

More Related Videos

Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Dry Eye Owing to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Dry Eye Owing to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Published on: April 1, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Dry Eye Owing to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Dry Eye Owing to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Published on: April 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Tear Film and Ocular Surface

Background:

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a prevalent condition impacting ocular surface health.
Historically, understanding and therapeutic options for MGD have been limited despite early anatomical and physiological descriptions.

Observation:

MGD is a primary cause of evaporative dry eye, leading to discomfort, visual disturbances, and contact lens intolerance.
Literature review highlights the role of meibomian gland secretion abnormalities in ocular health and disease.

Findings:

Advanced spectroscopic and chemical analysis techniques are emerging for meibomian gland secretions.
These methods offer deeper insights into the physical and chemical properties of meibomian gland secretions in both healthy and diseased states.

Implications:

Improved diagnostic capabilities for MGD are being developed.
Enhanced understanding facilitates better evaluation and development of targeted medical therapies for MGD.