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Related Concept Videos

Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
Positive Regulator Molecules01:45

Positive Regulator Molecules

To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Analysis of Cell Cycle Position in Mammalian Cells
12:19

Analysis of Cell Cycle Position in Mammalian Cells

Published on: January 21, 2012

Primate-specific RFPL1 gene controls cell-cycle progression through cyclin B1/Cdc2 degradation.

J Bonnefont1, T Laforge, O Plastre

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland.

Cell Death and Differentiation
|August 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human RFPL1 protein regulates cell-cycle progression by delaying mitosis entry. This primate-specific gene

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Analysis of Cell Cycle Position in Mammalian Cells
12:19

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Published on: January 21, 2012

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay
12:26

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Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells
10:27

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells

Published on: March 9, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Ret finger protein-like 1 (RFPL1) is a primate-specific gene regulated by Pax6, crucial for development.
  • The cellular functions of RFPL1, particularly its role in cell-cycle regulation, remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of human RFPL1 (hRFPL1) in cell-cycle progression.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which hRFPL1 influences cell division and proliferation.

Main Methods:

  • Studied hRFPL1 expression in HeLa cells, examining the effect of p53 binding on its promoter.
  • Analyzed hRFPL1's impact on cell number, cell-cycle phases (G2/M), and key regulatory proteins like cyclin B1 and Cdc2.
  • Investigated the role of kinase activity (PKC, Cdc2) and proteasome-dependent degradation in hRFPL1's function.

Main Results:

  • hRFPL1 expression, enhanced by p53, reduced cell number via a kinase-dependent pathway.
  • hRFPL1 activity led to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, with decreased cyclin B1 and Cdc2 levels.
  • Cytoplasmic localization of hRFPL1 inhibited cyclin B1 and Cdc2 accumulation, delaying mitotic entry and lengthening the G2 phase.

Conclusions:

  • hRFPL1 functions as a cell-cycle inhibitor, specifically by prolonging the G2 phase and delaying mitosis.
  • The antiproliferative effect of hRFPL1, mediated by cyclin B1 and Cdc2 downregulation, offers insights into primate-specific developmental processes.
  • RFPL1's role in cell-cycle lengthening contributes to understanding its function during cell differentiation.