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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Multimodal Nonlinear Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging Using Line-Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy
08:49

Multimodal Nonlinear Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging Using Line-Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy

Published on: December 1, 2023

Panchromatic spectrograph with supporting monochromatic imagers.

A L Broadfoot, B R Sandel, D Knecht

    Applied Optics
    |August 21, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The Arizona Imager/Spectrograph uses intensified CCD detectors for space flight imaging and spectroscopy. This compact instrument analyzes the Space Shuttle

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    Area of Science:

    • Space instrumentation
    • Astrophysical observation

    Background:

    • The Arizona Imager/Spectrograph is a sophisticated instrument designed for space flight.
    • It comprises imaging spectrographs and two-dimensional imagers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the interaction between the Space Shuttle and its surrounding environment.
    • To provide high-resolution spectral and imaging data from space.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizes nine spectrographs covering 114-1090 nm with 0.5-1.3 nm resolution.
    • Incorporates twelve passband imagers with fields of view from 2 to 21 degrees.
    • Employs intensified CCD detectors and innovative coupling techniques for reduced mass and size, enabling simultaneous data acquisition.

    Main Results:

    • Spectrographs achieve spatial resolution up to 192 elements.
    • Innovative CCD coupling allows two CCDs to serve 12 imagers and single CCDs to record spectra from pairs of spectrographs.
    • Coaligned fields of view enable simultaneous exposure of all spectra and images.

    Conclusions:

    • The Arizona Imager/Spectrograph offers substantial capability in a compact, lightweight design.
    • Its design facilitates detailed environmental interaction studies for the Space Shuttle.
    • The instrument is slated for deployment on a Shuttle subsatellite.