Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
Published on: February 27, 2019
Operating modes of a charge-transfer-plate liquid-crystal phase modulator
Abstract:
New results for an electron-beam-addressed liquid-crystal phase modulator are presented. Local, as well as global, control of liquid-crystal molecular reorientation is demonstrated, and the results of five different operating modes are discussed. Linear phase modulation with depths up to 30pi are demonstrated with this device, as are two-dimensional arrays of computer-generated spherical lenses with actively variable focal lengths. The spherical lenses were written without the use of specialized transfer functions to compensate for device nonlinearities. Applications are discussed in the context of adaptive optics in spaceborne systems.
Related Concept Videos
MOSFET: Enhancement Mode
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no current...
MOS Capacitor
The metal gate is typically made from highly conductive materials such as aluminum or polysilicon. Beneath the metal gate lies a thin layer of...
Switching of BJT
Cut-off Mode ("Off" State): In this state, both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are reverse-biased. The...

