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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Polar Coordinates: Problem Solving01:27

Polar Coordinates: Problem Solving

Directional radiation patterns are central to antenna analysis, as they illustrate how signal strength varies with direction. These patterns are often modeled using polar plots, where the radial distance from the origin represents signal intensity at a given angle. A commonly used idealized form is the four-lobed rose curve, which captures the concept of directional beams in a simplified mathematical form.The four-lobed rose curve, described by r = cos⁡(2θ), features four symmetric lobes, each...
Measuring Reaction Rates03:09

Measuring Reaction Rates

Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical field in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy for a Label-Free Amyloid Structural Characterization
05:54

Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy for a Label-Free Amyloid Structural Characterization

Published on: September 8, 2023

Polarization-interference measurement of phase-inhomogeneous objects.

O V Angelsky, P P Maksimyak

    Applied Optics
    |August 21, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers measured the transverse-coherence function to study optical crystals, rough surfaces, and liquid turbulence. A novel polarization interferometer was developed, ensuring highly accurate coherence measurements.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Characterizing optical properties of materials with imperfections is crucial.
    • Understanding light propagation through turbulent media is essential for various applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of phase inhomogeneity in optical crystals, surface roughness, and liquid turbulence.
    • To introduce and validate a new method for measuring the transverse-coherence function.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing measurements of the transverse-coherence function.
    • Developing and employing a novel polarization interferometer.

    Main Results:

    • The transverse-coherence function effectively characterizes phase-inhomogeneous optical crystals, slightly rough surfaces, and liquid turbulence.

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    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

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    Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy for a Label-Free Amyloid Structural Characterization
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  • The new polarization interferometer demonstrates high accuracy in coherence measurements.
  • Conclusions:

    • The transverse-coherence function is a valuable tool for analyzing complex optical phenomena.
    • The developed polarization interferometer offers a precise and reliable method for optical coherence measurements.