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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

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Using Fiberless, Wearable fNIRS to Monitor Brain Activity in Real-world Cognitive Tasks
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Using Fiberless, Wearable fNIRS to Monitor Brain Activity in Real-world Cognitive Tasks

Published on: December 2, 2015

Functional neuroimaging: a physiological perspective.

Ai-Ling Lin1, Jia-Hong Gao, Timonthy Q Duong

  • 1Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX, USA.

Frontiers in Neuroenergetics
|August 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain activation primarily uses oxidative metabolism for energy. However, increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) is linked to anaerobic glycolysis, supporting the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle model.

Keywords:
ANLS modelCBFCMRO2functional neuroimagingneurodegenerative disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Physiology
  • Functional Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Functional neuroimaging and metabolic physiology offer complementary insights into brain function.
  • Investigating the mechanisms of neuroimaging signals reveals new information on hemodynamic and metabolic regulation.
  • Controversies exist regarding metabolic pathways (oxidative vs. non-oxidative) meeting energy demands during brain activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the metabolic pathways and hemodynamic regulation during brain activation.
  • To clarify the mechanisms driving cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases.
  • To assess the validity of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle model in brain activation.

Main Methods:

  • Concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements.
  • Analysis of task-evoked energy demand and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2).
  • Evaluation of factors mediating task-induced increases in CBF.

Main Results:

  • Task-evoked energy demand was predominantly met by oxidative metabolism (~98%).
  • A small increase in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) was observed (12-17%).
  • Task-induced increases in CBF were likely mediated by anaerobic glycolysis, not solely oxygen demand.

Conclusions:

  • Brain activation predominantly relies on oxidative metabolism for energy supply.
  • Cerebral blood flow increases during activation appear linked to anaerobic glycolysis.
  • Findings support the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle model of neuron-astrocyte interactions.
  • Advancements in neuroimaging and metabolic physiology will aid future research in cerebrovascular and metabolic diseases.