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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
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Facial surface changes after cleft alveolar bone grafting.

Michael Krimmel1, Nils Schuck, Margit Bacher

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. Krimmel@med.uni-tuebingen.de

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
|August 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Alveolar bone grafting in cleft lip and palate patients significantly improved alar base projection on the operative side. This 3D analysis confirms a positive facial surface change after the procedure.

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial surgery
  • Orthodontics
  • 3D imaging technology

Background:

  • Cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients often exhibit facial asymmetry.
  • Alveolar bone grafting is a critical step in CLP treatment to restore continuity and support.
  • Quantifying 3D facial changes post-grafting is essential for treatment evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate 3D facial surface alterations following alveolar bone grafting in CLP patients.
  • To assess the impact of bone grafting on specific craniofacial landmarks.
  • To utilize digital surface photogrammetry for precise 3D measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 22 CLP patients undergoing alveolar bone grafting.
  • 3D facial images acquired using digital surface photogrammetry pre- and post-operatively.

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  • Analysis of spatial changes at seven standard craniofacial landmarks on the nose and upper lip.
  • Statistical analysis using ANOVA and t-tests.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant increase in anterior projection at the alar base (subalare) on the operative side (P < .05).
    • No significant changes observed in the spatial position of other labial landmarks.
    • Digital surface photogrammetry effectively captured subtle 3D volumetric changes.

    Conclusions:

    • Alveolar bone grafting positively influences the projection of the alar base in 3D.
    • The study provides quantitative evidence of improved facial aesthetics post-grafting.
    • Digital surface photogrammetry is a valuable tool for assessing outcomes in cleft surgery.