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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Network Pharmacology Prediction and Metabolomics Validation of the Mechanism of Fructus Phyllanthi against Hyperlipidemia
11:06

Network Pharmacology Prediction and Metabolomics Validation of the Mechanism of Fructus Phyllanthi against Hyperlipidemia

Published on: April 7, 2023

Panax notoginseng saponins decrease cholesterol ester via up-regulating ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in foam

Yi Jia1, Zhuo-Ying Li, Hai-Gang Zhang

  • 1Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology
|August 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) reduce cholesterol ester in foam cells by increasing ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression. This finding suggests PNS may help prevent atherosclerosis.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Network Pharmacology Prediction and Metabolomics Validation of the Mechanism of Fructus Phyllanthi against Hyperlipidemia
11:06

Network Pharmacology Prediction and Metabolomics Validation of the Mechanism of Fructus Phyllanthi against Hyperlipidemia

Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are key compounds in Panax notoginseng, known for potential anti-atherosclerotic effects.
  • Foam cell formation, a hallmark of atherosclerosis, involves cholesterol ester accumulation in macrophages.
  • ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays a crucial role in cellular cholesterol efflux.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of PNS on cholesterol ester levels in macrophage-derived foam cells.
  • To determine the impact of PNS on the expression of ABCA1 in foam cells.
  • To explore the relationship between PNS, cholesterol ester, and ABCA1 expression.

Main Methods:

  • Macrophage-derived foam cells were treated with varying dosages of PNS.
  • Cholesterol ester content was quantified.
  • Gene and protein expression of ABCA1 and liver X receptor α (LXRα) were measured using real-time PCR and western blotting.

Main Results:

  • PNS significantly reduced cholesterol ester levels in foam cells at middle and high doses.
  • PNS treatment dose-dependently upregulated the expression of ABCA1.
  • A negative correlation was observed between cholesterol ester levels and ABCA1 expression.

Conclusions:

  • PNS attenuates foam cell formation by upregulating ABCA1 expression, thereby lowering cholesterol ester content.
  • The mechanism may involve PNS's chemical structure mimicking natural LXRα agonists.
  • PNS demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis treatment.