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The emerging genetics of type 2 diabetes
Amélie Bonnefond1, Philippe Froguel, Martine Vaxillaire
1Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France.
Trends in Molecular Medicine
|August 24, 2010
Summary
Genetic studies reveal key regulators of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Next-generation sequencing may uncover more genetic factors contributing to T2D heritability.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Diseases
Background:
- Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has complex genetic underpinnings.
- Genetic studies have identified key regulators of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion.
- Current genetic discoveries explain only a fraction of T2D heritability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore genetic etiologies of monogenic and polygenic type 2 diabetes.
- To identify novel genetic factors contributing to T2D heritability.
- To understand the genetic architecture of common adult T2D.
Main Methods:
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been pivotal.
- Resequencing of whole exomes and whole genomes using next-generation technologies.
Main Results:
- Several T2D susceptibility genes involved in pancreatic beta-cell function have been identified.
- Common DNA variants explain approximately 10% of T2D heritability.
- Further genetic discoveries are anticipated from advanced sequencing methods.
Conclusions:
- Genetic factors play a significant role in T2D pathogenesis.
- Next-generation sequencing holds promise for identifying additional genetic contributors to diabetes.
- Comprehensive genetic analysis is crucial for understanding T2D.
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