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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

2.7K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

7.6K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

2.6K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

2.0K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

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Interleukin-7 in HIV pathogenesis and therapy.

Ann Chahroudi1, Guido Silvestri

  • 1Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

European Cytokine Network
|August 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) therapy shows promise for HIV by boosting CD4+ T cells. This approach may improve immune function and help deplete latent HIV reservoirs in infected individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cytokine Signaling

Background:

  • Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is crucial for T cell development and homeostasis.
  • HIV infection disrupts the IL-7/IL-7R pathway, with elevated IL-7 and reduced CD127 expression on T cells.
  • IL-7R, also known as CD127, is the receptor for IL-7.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of IL-7 as an immunotherapy for HIV-infected individuals.
  • To evaluate the effect of IL-7 administration on CD4+ T cell populations in HIV patients.

Main Methods:

  • Administration of IL-7 to antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected individuals.
  • Analysis of CD4+ T cell subsets, focusing on naive and central-memory populations.
  • Assessment of IL-7/IL-7R pathway dysregulation in progressive HIV infection.

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In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
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New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
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New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 21, 2026

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In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
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New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
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Main Results:

  • IL-7 administration selectively increased the proportion of naive and central-memory CD4+ T cells.
  • Progressive HIV infection is characterized by increased plasma IL-7 levels and decreased CD127 expression on T cells.
  • The study suggests a beneficial impact of IL-7 on overall CD4+ T cell function.

Conclusions:

  • IL-7 therapy is a promising approach to enhance immune function in HIV-infected individuals.
  • IL-7 may play a role in depleting latent reservoirs of HIV-infected CD4+ T cells.
  • Restoring IL-7/IL-7R pathway balance could be a therapeutic strategy for HIV.