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Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+
12:30

Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+

Published on: May 19, 2017

The calcium-sensing receptor: a molecular perspective.

Aaron L Magno1, Bryan K Ward, Thomas Ratajczak

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, First Floor, C Block, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia.

Endocrine Reviews
|August 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is crucial for calcium balance and beyond. This review explores its structure, diverse functions, and molecular mechanisms.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+
12:30

Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+

Published on: May 19, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) was identified in 1993, initially recognized for its role in calcium homeostasis.
  • Subsequent research revealed the CaR's involvement in numerous biological processes beyond calcium regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive molecular perspective on the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR).
  • To explore the CaR's structure, diverse stimuli, signaling pathways, protein interactions, and tissue expression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR).
  • Analysis of molecular characteristics and signaling mechanisms of the CaR.
  • Examination of CaR's role in physiology and pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • The CaR responds to various stimuli, initiating diverse intracellular signaling pathways.
  • Understanding the CaR's molecular features explains its ability to translate extracellular signals into cellular responses.
  • The CaR's function is influenced by its structure, interacting partners, and expression patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a versatile molecule with functions extending beyond calcium homeostasis.
  • A detailed understanding of the CaR's molecular aspects is essential for comprehending its broad biological impact.