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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Golgi Apparatus01:49

Golgi Apparatus

As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.The Golgi apparatus is a major sorting and dispatch station for the products of the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter...
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...

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Imaging ATG9A, a Multi-Spanning Membrane Protein
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The Golgi as a potential membrane source for autophagy.

Jiefei Geng1, Daniel J Klionsky

  • 1Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Autophagy
|August 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Macroautophagy (autophagy) requires new membrane, but its source is unknown. Researchers found that the Golgi apparatus may supply membrane for autophagosome formation during starvation.

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Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond

Published on: July 27, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Autophagy Research

Background:

  • Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a fundamental cellular process for degrading cytoplasmic components.
  • Autophagosome biogenesis, the formation of double-membrane vesicles, is a key step in autophagy.
  • The origin of the membrane forming autophagosomes remains a critical unanswered question in autophagy research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the source of membrane required for autophagosome biogenesis.
  • To identify cellular pathways that contribute lipids and membrane to autophagosome formation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cellular components involved in membrane trafficking.
  • Investigating the role of the secretory pathway in autophagy.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests that preexisting organelles supply lipids for autophagosome formation.
  • Components of the late-stage secretory pathway were identified as potentially redirecting Golgi-derived membrane.
  • This redirection appears to be triggered by starvation conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The Golgi apparatus is a potential source of membrane for autophagosome biogenesis.
  • The secretory pathway plays a role in supplying membrane for autophagy, particularly under starvation stress.