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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Real-time Imaging of Myeloid Cells Dynamics in ApcMin/+ Intestinal Tumors by Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy

Real-time Imaging of Myeloid Cells Dynamics in Apc^Min/+ Intestinal Tumors by Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy

Published on: October 6, 2014

Up for Mischief? IL-17/Th17 in the tumour microenvironment.

E Maniati¹, R Soper, T Hagemann

¹Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Cancer, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

|August 24, 2010

Summary

Interleukin (IL)-17 and T helper 17 (Th17) cells have a dual role in cancer, acting as both pro- and anti-tumorigenic factors. Understanding these complex interactions is key to developing effective cancer immunotherapies.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Published on: October 6, 2014

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MAME Models for 4D Live-cell Imaging of Tumor: Microenvironment Interactions that Impact Malignant Progression

MAME Models for 4D Live-cell Imaging of Tumor: Microenvironment Interactions that Impact Malignant Progression

Published on: February 17, 2012

Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Cell Biology

Background:

Interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-17-producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells are increasingly recognized for their complex roles in cancer.
Existing literature suggests Th17 cells and IL-17 can promote or inhibit tumor development.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the biological activities of Th17 cells and IL-17 in the context of cancer.
To outline the interactions between Th17 cells and other immune cells within the tumor microenvironment.
To discuss the dual role of Th17 cells and IL-17 in tumor progression and suppression.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating IL-17 and Th17 cells in cancer.
Analysis of immune cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment.
Synthesis of evidence on the pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions of Th17 cells and IL-17.

Main Results:

Th17 cells and IL-17 exhibit context-dependent pro- and anti-tumorigenic activities.
Reciprocal interactions between Th17 cells and other immune cells modulate the tumor microenvironment.
The specific role of Th17 cells and IL-17 is influenced by various regulatory processes.

Conclusions:

A comprehensive understanding of Th17 cell and IL-17 regulation is crucial for advancing cancer immunotherapy.
Targeting Th17 cell-mediated pathways holds potential for developing novel cancer treatments.
Further research into the dual role of IL-17 in cancer is warranted for therapeutic development.