Primary varicella in an immunocompetent adult

Primary varicella zoster infection in adults and immunocompromised persons may result in serious complications. For this reason, a speedy and accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent life-threatening sequelae. Primary varicella presents as a vesicular exanthem with fevers and other constitutional symptoms. The differential diagnosis of primary varicella zoster infection comprises several other important entities, including smallpox infection, which should be considered before definitive diagnosis of varicella is made. Here, the authors describe an immunocompetent adult with primary varicella infection and review the literature on its clinical presentation and treatment.