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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Cross-Sectional Research01:50

Cross-Sectional Research

In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...

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Related Experiment Video

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An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing
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An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

Published on: October 25, 2019

Plus or minus 30 years in the language sciences.

Elissa L Newport

    Topics in Cognitive Science
    |August 24, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Language sciences like linguistics are crucial to cognitive science but underrepresented. Future research should focus on language, cognition, and the brain, integrating diverse disciplinary perspectives.

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    Area of Science:

    • Language sciences, including linguistics, psycholinguistics, and computational linguistics.
    • Cognitive science and its interdisciplinary nature.

    Background:

    • Historical underrepresentation of language sciences at Cognitive Science Society meetings.
    • The integral role of language study within cognitive science.

    Observation:

    • Major themes and controversies in language study over the past 30 years.
    • Divergent views on numbers, symbols, and cognitive architectures (modular vs. distributed) across language disciplines.

    Findings:

    • Language sciences are fundamental to cognitive science.
    • Key areas of debate include symbolic representation and cognitive processing models.
    • Growing emphasis on the neurobiological underpinnings of language.

    Implications:

    • Need for greater integration of language sciences within cognitive science research.
    • Future research directions should bridge computational, psychological, and linguistic approaches.
    • Increased focus on the brain basis of language is essential for advancing cognitive science.