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Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...

Gastric Motility

Gastric Motility

Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Published on: February 16, 2024

An indolent diffuse infiltrating gastric carcinoma.

V H Chong¹, P U Telisinghe, S K Yapp

¹Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, BA 1710, Brunei Darussalam. chongvuih@yahoo.co.uk

Singapore Medical Journal

|August 24, 2010

Summary

This case study shows a gastric adenocarcinoma with a slow-growing, indolent course. Despite a six-year delay in treatment, the patient achieved a recurrence-free survival after surgery.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Published on: February 16, 2024

Area of Science:

Oncology
Gastroenterology
Surgical Pathology

Background:

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality, frequently diagnosed at late stages.
Delayed patient presentation often contributes to late diagnosis and treatment initiation.

Observation:

A 48-year-old man was diagnosed with diffuse infiltrating gastric adenocarcinoma.
The patient repeatedly declined surgical intervention over a six-year period despite similar diagnostic findings on repeat evaluations.
Symptoms eventually prompted the patient to undergo surgery six years after initial diagnosis.

Findings:

Histological analysis revealed a diffuse infiltrating stage T3 gastric tumor.
The tumor exhibited a significant desmoplastic reaction.
Lymph nodes were negative for metastasis (lymphadenopathies).

Implications:

This case underscores that certain gastric cancers can exhibit an indolent clinical course.
Curative treatment is achievable even after substantial delays in intervention.
Highlights the importance of individualized treatment decisions in oncology.