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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
08:47

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

Allergic rhinitis: evidence-based practice.

M Y Lim1, J L Leong

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608.

Singapore Medical Journal
|August 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic rhinitis, a prevalent condition in Singapore, presents a significant health burden. This review covers its causes, mechanisms, symptoms, diagnosis, and evidence-based management strategies, including pharmacological treatments and immunotherapy.

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Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
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Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
08:47

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
06:08

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis is a widespread condition in Singapore.
  • It imposes a considerable disease burden on the population.
  • Understanding its multifaceted aspects is crucial for effective healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest evidence-based concepts in allergic rhinitis.
  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of its aetiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation.
  • To offer practical insights into the management of allergic rhinitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current evidence-based concepts.
  • Synthesis of information on aetiology, pathogenesis, signs, symptoms, and investigations.
  • Evaluation of pharmacological options and immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Detailed review of the underlying causes and mechanisms of allergic rhinitis.
  • Comprehensive outline of clinical signs, symptoms, and diagnostic methods.
  • Discussion of the latest evidence supporting various treatment modalities.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management requires a thorough understanding of allergic rhinitis.
  • Evidence-based pharmacological treatments and immunotherapy are key components of care.
  • This review provides practical guidance for clinicians managing allergic rhinitis.