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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 6, 2015

Why chemotherapy can fail?

M Król1, K M Pawłowski, K Majchrzak

  • 1Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|August 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cancer cells develop drug resistance through mechanisms like increased drug efflux and DNA repair, hindering chemotherapy. Understanding these resistance pathways is crucial for improving cancer treatment outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cancer chemotherapy often fails due to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor cells.
  • MDR involves complex mechanisms including increased drug efflux, enhanced DNA repair, altered apoptosis, and drug metabolism.
  • While MDR is extensively studied in humans, research in veterinary oncology, particularly concerning canine and feline ABC superfamily members, is less comprehensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the multifaceted mechanisms underlying cancer cell resistance to antitumor drugs.
  • To highlight the significance of MDR as a major challenge in current cancer therapy.
  • To underscore the need for further research into MDR mechanisms, especially in veterinary oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing existing research on cancer multidrug resistance.
  • Analysis of various cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to drug resistance.
  • Examination of studies focusing on MDR in human and comparative studies in canine and feline cancers.

Main Results:

  • Identified key mechanisms of MDR: increased drug efflux, enhanced DNA repair, high antiapoptotic potential, decreased permeability, and enzymatic deactivation.
  • Noted that MDR allows a subset of drug-resistant cancer cells to survive chemotherapy and lead to tumor relapse.
  • Highlighted the limited research on MDR-related genes, such as P-glycoprotein (PGP), in canine and feline cancers compared to human and murine models.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the diverse and often uncharacterized mechanisms of MDR is critical for developing more effective cancer treatments.
  • Addressing MDR is essential for improving therapeutic outcomes in oncology.
  • Further investigation into MDR, particularly in veterinary species, could offer valuable insights for both animal and human cancer therapy.