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Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
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Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Virus Propagation and Cell-Based Colorimetric Quantification
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[Rubella in Poland in 2008].

Justyna Rogalska1

  • 1Zakład Epidemiologii, Narodowego Instytutu Zdrowia Publicznego - Państwowego Zakładu Higieny w Warszawie. jrogalska@pzh.gov.pl

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|August 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

In 2008, Poland reported over 13,000 rubella cases, with higher incidence in males and young children. Improved lab confirmation is needed to evaluate the 2-dose immunization program

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Rubella (German measles) remains a public health concern globally.
  • Poland implemented a 2-dose immunization strategy in 2003.
  • Monitoring rubella incidence is crucial for assessing vaccination program effectiveness.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the epidemiological trends of rubella in Poland in 2008.
  • To identify demographic groups with the highest rubella incidence.
  • To highlight the need for enhanced laboratory confirmation in rubella surveillance.

Summary:

  • Poland registered 13,146 rubella cases in 2008, with an incidence of 34.5 per 100,000 population.
  • Only 0.5% of cases were laboratory confirmed, and one case of congenital rubella syndrome was reported.

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  • Incidence was significantly higher in males (51.9) than females (18.2), and peaked in 7- and 8-year-old children.

    • Impact:

    • The study underscores the necessity of improving laboratory diagnostic capabilities for rubella surveillance in Poland.
    • Enhanced confirmation is vital to accurately assess the impact of the 2-dose immunization policy on rubella epidemiology.
    • Findings can inform future public health strategies for rubella prevention and control.