Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Evaluation of a hypothesized Sertoli cell-based adverse outcome pathway for effects of diisononyl phthalate on the developing testis.

Current research in toxicology·2025

Same author

Insights into Diagnostic Radiography students' perception of clinical stressors.

Radiography (London, England : 1995)·2022

Same author

Measurement of CP Violation in the Decay B^{+}→K^{+}π^{0}.

Physical review letters·2021

Same author

Measurement of f_{s}/f_{u} Variation with Proton-Proton Collision Energy and B-Meson Kinematics.

Physical review letters·2020

Same author

Observation of Several Sources of CP Violation in B^{+}→π^{+}π^{+}π^{-} Decays.

Physical review letters·2020

Same author

Improved limit on the branching fraction of the rare decay <math> </math>.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

The Preparation of Chicken Ex Ovo Embryos and Chorioallantoic Membrane Vessels as In Vivo Model for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging and Microbubble-Mediated Drug Delivery Studies

The Preparation of Chicken Ex Ovo Embryos and Chorioallantoic Membrane Vessels as In Vivo Model for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging and Microbubble-Mediated Drug Delivery Studies

Published on: February 9, 2021

In vitro/in vivo comparison of yolk-sac function and embryo development.

J E Andrews¹, M Ebron-McCoy, R M Zucker

¹United States Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Research Laboratory, Developmental Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA

|August 25, 2010

Summary

In vitro rat embryos showed developmental delays compared to in vivo embryos, suggesting impaired yolk-sac function affects early embryonic development and survival.

More Related Videos

Optimized Ex-ovo Culturing of Chick Embryos to Advanced Stages of Development

Optimized Ex-ovo Culturing of Chick Embryos to Advanced Stages of Development

Published on: January 24, 2015

Mouse Embryonic Development in a Serum-free Whole Embryo Culture System

Mouse Embryonic Development in a Serum-free Whole Embryo Culture System

Published on: March 1, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

The Preparation of Chicken Ex Ovo Embryos and Chorioallantoic Membrane Vessels as In Vivo Model for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging and Microbubble-Mediated Drug Delivery Studies

The Preparation of Chicken Ex Ovo Embryos and Chorioallantoic Membrane Vessels as In Vivo Model for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging and Microbubble-Mediated Drug Delivery Studies

Published on: February 9, 2021

Optimized Ex-ovo Culturing of Chick Embryos to Advanced Stages of Development

Optimized Ex-ovo Culturing of Chick Embryos to Advanced Stages of Development

Published on: January 24, 2015

Mouse Embryonic Development in a Serum-free Whole Embryo Culture System

Mouse Embryonic Development in a Serum-free Whole Embryo Culture System

Published on: March 1, 2014

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Reproductive Science
In Vitro Embryology

Background:

The yolk sac is crucial for early embryonic nutrition and development.
In vitro culture systems are used to study embryonic development, but often show limitations.
Understanding yolk sac function in vitro is key to improving culture conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare yolk-sac function and rat embryo development in vitro versus in vivo.
To identify specific yolk sac biochemical markers affected by in vitro culture.
To correlate yolk sac function with observed developmental differences in cultured embryos.

Main Methods:

Rat embryos (day 10.5) were cultured in vitro for 24 hours and compared to in vivo controls.
Morphological parameters (somites, crown-rump length, yolk sac diameter) were measured.
Yolk sac red blood cell indices, cell cycle, and key biochemical markers (proteins, enzymes, lipids) were analyzed.

Main Results:

In vitro embryos exhibited reduced somite number, crown-rump length, and yolk sac diameter.
Significantly lower gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were noted in vitro.
Alpha-fetoprotein synthesis was reduced, while transferrin transport was increased in vitro-cultured yolk sacs.

Conclusions:

Impaired yolk sac function, evidenced by altered enzyme activities and protein transport, likely contributes to developmental delays in vitro.
Specific biochemical changes in the yolk sac during in vitro culture may limit embryo growth and survival.
These findings highlight the critical role of yolk sac function in supporting early embryonic development.