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Related Concept Videos

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum01:17

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling
15:11

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Published on: January 5, 2015

Kryptonite bone cement prevents pathologic sternal displacement.

Paul W M Fedak1, Eric Kolb, Garry Borsato

  • 1Department of Cardiac Sciences, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. paul.fedak@gmail.com

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|August 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A novel biologic bone adhesive rapidly enhances sternal closure stability, completely eliminating pathologic sternal displacement during physiologic stress. This innovative technique shows promise for improved patient recovery after sternotomy.

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Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling
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Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity

Published on: September 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Conventional wire cerclage for sternotomy closure allows pathologic sternal displacement (>2 mm) under physiologic forces.
  • Early sternal bone stability significantly impacts postoperative recovery, including respiration, pain, and risk of dehiscence or infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel triglyceride-based porous adhesive for enhancing sternal closure stability.
  • To provide proof-of-concept and initial clinical data on the efficacy and safety of the adhesive in sternal fixation.

Main Methods:

  • Part A: Biomechanical testing of cadaver sternal blocks comparing wire closure to adhesive closure under increasing lateral distracting forces.
  • Part B: Clinical assessment of adhesive sternal closure in a case series, including evaluation of sternal perfusion via SPECT imaging.

Main Results:

  • Wire closure demonstrated significant displacement under loads ≥400 N, with all segments showing pathologic displacement (≥2 mm).
  • Adhesive closure completely prevented pathologic sternal displacement at forces ≤600 N (p < 0.001).
  • Clinical application showed no adverse events; sternal perfusion was not compromised.

Conclusions:

  • The biologic bone adhesive provides rapid sternal fixation, eliminating pathologic displacement under physiologic loads.
  • This first-in-man study supports the potential of adhesive closure for improved sternal stability.
  • A randomized clinical trial is recommended to further assess risks and benefits.