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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
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Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China
08:42

Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China

Published on: February 11, 2022

The five-box thoracoscopic maze procedure.

John Sirak1, Danielle Jones, David Schwartzman

  • 1Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. johnsirak@yahoo.com

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|August 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel thoracoscopic procedure for atrial fibrillation treatment, creating compartments to block electrical signals. The method effectively isolates the posterior left atrium, mimicking the Cox Maze procedure

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Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach
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Published on: June 23, 2023

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China
08:42

Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China

Published on: February 11, 2022

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach
04:47

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment necessitates targeting posterior left atrium and mitral annulus.
  • Perimitral macroreentry and arrhythmogenic substrates require effective isolation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel thoracoscopic procedure for comprehensive atrial fibrillation treatment.
  • To achieve compartmentalization of the posterior left atrium and mitral annulus connections.
  • To enable verification of ablation efficacy through bidirectional block.

Main Methods:

  • A totally thoracoscopic approach is utilized.
  • Dissection of the transverse sinus and exposure of the left atrial floor.
  • Creation of contiguous compartments connecting to the anterior mitral trigone.

Main Results:

  • The procedure creates electrophysiologic compartments replicating the Cox Maze lesion pattern.
  • Real-time verification of each compartment is achieved using bidirectional block.
  • Successful isolation of the posterior left atrium is demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • This thoracoscopic procedure effectively interrupts perimitral macroreentry in two planes.
  • The efficacy of this minimally invasive approach approximates the Cox Maze benchmark.
  • Comprehensive atrial fibrillation substrate isolation is achievable via this technique.