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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

Referral pattern for epilepsy surgery after evidence-based recommendations: a retrospective study.

Zulfi Haneef1, John Stern, Sandra Dewar

  • 1Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA.

Neurology
|August 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Practice guidelines recommended earlier epilepsy surgery referrals, but this study found no significant change in referral times for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, a trend towards earlier evaluation for drug-resistant epilepsy suggests a hopeful shift.

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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
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Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Class I evidence demonstrated surgical effectiveness for refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in 2001.
  • A 2003 practice parameter recommended referral to surgical epilepsy centers after failed first-line antiepileptic drug trials.
  • This study investigated changes in referral patterns to an epilepsy center following the 2003 guideline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the 2003 American Academy of Neurology practice parameter influenced referral patterns for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery.
  • To compare referral data before and after the guideline implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective comparison of TLE patient referral data from 1995-1998 (Group 1, n=83) and 2005-2008 (Group 2, n=102).
  • Exclusion criteria included brain tumors, prior epilepsy surgery evaluations, or brain surgery.
  • Analysis focused on duration from seizure diagnosis to referral and age at evaluation.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference was found in the duration from habitual seizure diagnosis to referral between the two groups (17.1 vs. 18.6 years, p=0.39).
  • Age at evaluation showed a difference in distribution (p=0.03), with a greater proportion of patients in Group 2 evaluated earlier or later in their treatment course.
  • Patients with nonepileptic seizures were referred significantly earlier than those with TLE.

Conclusions:

  • The study did not identify a statistically significant earlier referral for epilepsy surgery evaluation as recommended by the 2003 practice parameter.
  • A trend towards earlier evaluation for drug-resistant epilepsy was observed, suggesting a potential positive shift in practice.
  • Further research is needed to confirm and understand the factors influencing referral patterns for TLE surgery.