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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers01:28

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light
09:19

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Published on: July 29, 2013

Mode-coupling processes in polymethyl methacrylate-core optical fibers.

J Dugas, G Maurel

    Applied Optics
    |August 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers studied polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) optical fibers, finding structural anomalies like microcracks cause light scattering and affect performance. This research helps improve PMMA fiber quality and applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optical Engineering
    • Polymer Physics

    Background:

    • Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) optical fibers are widely used.
    • Understanding light propagation and loss mechanisms is crucial for optimizing fiber performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate aperture, attenuation, and far-field radiation patterns in short PMMA optical fibers.
    • To identify the causes of light scattering and attenuation in PMMA fibers.

    Main Methods:

    • Spectral attenuation measurements of PMMA core.
    • Analysis of far-field radiation diagrams based on fiber length and laser incidence.
    • Application and refinement of the Gloge mode-coupling model.
    • Investigation of structural anomalies using diffraction principles.

    Main Results:

    • Accurate extrinsic attenuation spectra were obtained for PMMA fibers.
    • Far-field radiation diagrams showed dependence on fiber length and launching conditions.
    • Mode-coupling processes were linked to light diffraction by structural anomalies.
    • The average size and form of these anomalies were evaluated.

    Conclusions:

    • Structural anomalies, likely longitudinal microcracks from stress relaxation during fiber drawing, are responsible for mode coupling and affect optical fiber performance.
    • This finding provides insights into improving PMMA optical fiber manufacturing and application.